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Modular constructions have evolved since the early 20th century to address the post-war housing shortage. The 1990s marked a revitalization thanks to technological advances, the demand for affordable housing, and increased political support. Innovations from this era persist today, influencing the development of sustainable and flexible solutions.

The use of prefabricated elements in construction allows for increased efficiency, cost reduction, and improved quality of projects. Prefabrication accelerates construction timelines while minimizing errors and unforeseen issues. Concrete examples demonstrate the economic and qualitative viability of this method in various contexts.

Modular construction has its origins in antiquity with the use of standardized blocks by the Egyptians, Mesopotamians, and Chinese. The Greeks and Romans respectively perfected these architectural techniques with prefabricated structures such as the Parthenon and aqueducts. In the Middle Ages, prefabrication methods were adapted and enriched, notably in the construction of Gothic cathedrals and fortifications.

World War II left an urgent need to rebuild destroyed housing and meet the needs of displaced populations. Modular architecture emerged as an innovative solution for quickly and flexibly constructing housing. Iconic projects, such as the Lutèce Houses in France, demonstrated the effectiveness of this approach, which still influences construction practices today.

The post-war period saw the emergence of Levittown as an innovative solution to housing shortages, with mass-produced houses at affordable prices. This modular construction model transformed residential urbanism, despite criticisms of architectural uniformity. Levittown also raised debates on racial segregation and remains a symbol of innovation and social controversy.

Meticulous logistical planning is essential for maximizing efficiency of lifting processes by considering project needs, site, and human and material resources. The integration of advanced technologies such as smart sensors and augmented reality enhances precision and reduces risks. Case studies show successful applications and promising future prospects with AI, robotization, and 5G networks.

Prefabricated modular homes offer significant advantages, including construction time, quality, and environmental sustainability, while controlling financial costs. However, they face various challenges such as public perception, logistics, regulations, financing, and a lack of skilled labor. Thanks to technological and material innovations, as well as public support, the future of this construction method looks promising.

Projects like 'The Edge', 'Rogers Place', and 'Sydney Opera House' demonstrate the positive impact of Augmented Reality (AR) and Virtual Reality (VR) on modular construction. These technologies improve precision, planning, and collaboration while reducing costs and delays. They also allow for the preservation of architectural integrity while modernizing construction and renovation processes.

EcoPod offers ecological and modular dwellings, integrating innovative energy technologies to minimize the carbon footprint. Refuge de l'Aigle demonstrates the effectiveness of green technologies in extreme environments through energy self-sufficiency. Portakabin combines modularity and energy performance, showing a significant reduction in costs and emissions.

Integrated heating and cooling systems optimize thermal comfort and energy efficiency in buildings. This includes technologies like geothermal energy, heat pumps, and CMV. These systems enable significant energy savings and improve indoor air quality.